Portuguese Grammar Guide

Relative Pronouns (e.g.: que, quem, o qual, os quais, onde, quando, etc.)

In this section: Description, Questions, Exercises

Questions

Questions about Relative Pronouns

Q: Why is it a mulher que trabalha ali and NOT a mulher quem trabalha ali?
When the relative pronoun directly follows the noun it refers to, you should use que, not quem:

  • a mulher que trabalha ali

👉 Use quem only:

  • after a preposition

  • or when separated by commas


Q: Why is it always Quero o livro que tiraste da biblioteca and NOT Quero o livro tiraste da biblioteca?
In English, the relative pronoun can sometimes be omitted. In Portuguese:

👉 the relative pronoun must always be present

  • o livro tiraste

  • o livro que tiraste


Q: Why is it Esses homens, que não conheço, querem falar com o chefe and NOT quem?
In EP, quem is rare in this structure. Prefer:

  • que for general use

👉 quem is mainly used:

  • after prepositions (com quem, a quem)

  • or in more formal/literary contexts


Q: Why is it a praia, perto da qual há um restaurante and NOT perto do qual?
The form o qual / a qual must agree with the noun:

  • a praia → feminine → da qual

  • not do qual


Q: Why is it o jovem que vive ao lado and NOT qué vive ao lado?
Relative pronouns:

👉 do not take accents

  • que (relative)

  • quê (interrogative/exclamative)


🔑 Key points

  • que = default relative pronoun

  • quem = mainly after prepositions (a quem, com quem)

  • o qual forms = agree with noun (gender/number)

  • Relative pronouns cannot be omitted

  • No accents in relative pronouns

Tags: Prepositions past participle
In this section: Description, Questions, Exercises

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