todo, todos, toda, todas

An Overview of todo, todos, toda, todas

The words todo, todos, toda, todas have two main functions:

a) As an adjective (“all”, modifying a noun)

They agree in gender and number with the noun and are followed by a determiner:

• Eu li toda a história.

• Todos os dias estudo.

• Toda a gente chegou cedo.

👉 Structure:

• todo + determiner + noun

b) As a pronoun (“all of it/them”, replacing a noun)

They replace a previously mentioned noun:

• Ele comeu tudo.

• Todos vão à festa.

• Gosto de todas.

👉 In EP, the neuter form tudo is very common for general reference.

Forms

⚠️ Important

• Agreement = noun referred to or replaced

• Adjective use requires a determiner:

  • todo o livro

  • ❌ todo livro (EP standard)

• Pronoun use:

  • noun is not repeated

🔑 Key points

• todo/a(s) = agrees with noun

• tudo = neuter, very common in EP

• Adjective → noun present

• Pronoun → noun omitted