An Overview of Conjunctions
Conjunctions are used to link two similar grammatical structures. For example, e links two phrases of equal status (e.g.: o meu irmão e o amigo dele), while que links two clauses in a subordinate relationship (e.g.: eu vejo que tu vens).
Key conjunctions
e
👉 In practice:
ou
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means “or” and joins alternatives
-
no spelling change (unlike Spanish o → u)
-
Falamos com homens ou mulheres.
mas
👉 Emphasis:
mas sim / antes
Equivalent to Spanish sino:
-
used after negation + correction
-
Não quero cerveja, mas sim vinho.
-
Não andava, antes corria.
👉 senão = “otherwise”
que
👉 Unlike English, it is not normally omitted.
se
👉 Do NOT confuse:
👉 Verb usage:
-
Se tiver tempo, vou.
-
Se tivesse tempo, iria.
porque
👉 Distinction:
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porque = because
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porquê = why (noun)
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por que = why (question)
embora / apesar de
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means “although / even if”
-
Não o faria, embora me peça.
-
Apesar de estar cansado, saiu.
👉 Often followed by subjunctive (especially with embora)
⚠️ Important differences (EP vs Spanish)
-
No spelling changes like y → e, o → u
-
mas sim instead of sino
-
senão = otherwise (one word)
-
que is generally required
-
Conditional with se follows specific verb patterns
🔑 Key points
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Conjunctions link equal or subordinate structures
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e, ou, mas = coordination
-
que, se, porque = subordination
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Some require subjunctive (embora)
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Meaning distinctions are crucial (porque / porquê / por que)