An Overview of the Imperfect (Pretérito Imperfeito)
The imperfect is used to describe past situations, ongoing actions, or habitual actions. It refers to a past “situation” rather than a completed “event.”
-
Quando era pequeno, adorava cavalos.
-
No ano passado, fazia exercício todos os dias, mas este ano estou demasiado ocupado.
Common uses of the imperfect
a) Habitual or repeated actions in the past
b) Ongoing action interrupted by another event
c) Description of a past situation or scene
d) Time and age in the past
How to form the Imperfect
The imperfect is formed by adding endings to the verb stem. The endings depend on the verb type.
-ar verbs (e.g.: falar)
| Subject |
Imperfect |
| eu |
falava |
| tu |
falavas |
| ele/ela/você |
falava |
| nós |
falávamos |
| vocês/eles |
falavam |
👉 Only the nós form has an accent.
-er / -ir verbs (e.g.: fazer, vender, partir)
| Subject |
Imperfect |
| eu |
fazia / vendia / partia |
| tu |
fazias / vendias / partias |
| ele/ela/você |
fazia / vendia / partia |
| nós |
fazíamos / vendíamos / partíamos |
| vocês/eles |
faziam / vendiam / partiam |
👉 All endings contain -ia, and the nós form has an accent.
Irregular Imperfect Forms
The most important irregular verbs are:
ser
-
eu era
-
tu eras
-
ele/ela era
-
nós éramos
-
eles eram
ir
-
eu ia
-
tu ias
-
ele/ela ia
-
nós íamos
-
eles iam
🧠 Key contrast
| Tense |
Meaning |
| falei |
"I spoke" (completed event) |
| falava |
"I was speaking / used to speak" |
🔑 Key point
The imperfect describes: